Strawson’s argument (modified)

 

1.      (Premise) We are at all responsible for a choice only if it is causally preceded by a principle of choice we are somewhat responsible for.

2.      (Premise) We are at all responsible for something only if it is causally preceded by a choice we are somewhat responsible for.

3.      Therefore, every choice we are at all responsible for is causally preceded by a choice we are somewhat responsible for. (By (1) and (2))

4.      (Premise) If every A is causally preceded by an A, then either there is an infinite causal regress of As or a causal circle of As.

5.      Therefore, if we are at all responsible for a choice, then there is an infinite causal regress or circle of choices we are somewhat responsible for. (By (3) and (4))

6.      (Premise) There are no causal circles or infinite regresses among our choices.

7.      Therefore, we are not at all responsible for any choice. (By (5) and (6))

 

Pereboom

 

Case 1: Neural imposition of a state that egoistically and deterministically motivates Plum to kill White for personal advantage.

 

Case 2: Plum was programmed by neuroscientists from the beginning of his life to be an egoist, which determines him to kill White for personal advantage.

 

Case 3: Plum was carefully trained by his community to be an egoist, which determines him to kill White for personal advantage.

 

Case 4: Plum is an ordinary egoist in a deterministic world, which determines him to kill White for personal advantage.

 

 

  1. If there is no freedom in Case 1, there is no freedom in Case 2.
  2. If there is no freedom in Case 2, there is no freedom in Case 3.
  3. If there is no freedom in Case 3, there is no freedom in Case 4.
  4. There is no freedom in Case 1.
  5. So, there is no freedom in Case 4.

 

Mele

 

1. Pereboom’s argument requires that the reason for lack of freedom in the cases is determinism.

2. Similar indeterministic cases are similar in respect of freedom.

3. So, probably, the reason for lack of freedom isn’t determinism.